Determining Place Quality Using the Adapted Place Standard Tool in the Turkish District of Kestel where Natural Heritage is Threatened by Unplanned Development

Abstract Urban areas are at the center of environmental debates about sustainability, livability, and QoL. This study analyzed the place quality of Kestel, Turkey, having an unplanned form despite its advantageous unique characteristics. The study adapted Scotland-based place standard tool by adding relevant dynamics, populating the tool with residents’ responses to questionnaire statements. In adaptation, main dimensions were preserved, parameters determined in terms of literature and area dynamics were integrated. The data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 1,000 people in the central neighborhoods of Kestel were assessed through frequency analyses, place standard score determined through analyses, comparison of data and observations. Differences regarding physical and social place quality were found between the neighborhoods. Unplanned older neighborhoods had a crowded, low-quality, safety threatening and neglected patterns. However, newly developed neighborhoods had an organized arrangement, well-maintained environment and better sense of safety. This study indicated that low socio-economic status and unplanned urban areas adversely affect place quality, despite the natural environmental heritage. Results were discussed with recommendations for assessing the natural and historical pattern in a manner that revives local economy. Another aim was to contribute to literature by measuring place quality through adapted tool and offering insight for areas with similar dynamics in international context.